When Jack Dobson’s beloved old Land Rover was stolen, we were happy to pay up. But the story didn’t end there.
Two years later, Jack came across the vehicle on a website. The police recovered it, but without a legal owner, it was in danger of being written off. We received the Land Rover from the police, inspected it to make sure it was safe, and then sent it back to Jack, free of charge. “They returned it complete with a red ribbon. It was a very exciting day” said Jack.
Jack Dobson: I'm Jack Dobson, and I live in Bath.
Jenny: Hi, I'm Jenny, and I'm Jack's partner.
Jack: My story relates to a rather elderly Land Rover.
Jenny: Have a love-hate relationship!
Jack: She's affectionately called "The Old Girl".
Jenny: She's like the other woman.
Jack: She's a 1964 Series 2A.
Jenny: He told me he had a black convertible.
Jack: She's a short wheel base, soft top.
Jenny: He turned up with this really old.
Jack: Land Rover!
Jenny: Which was a convertible, so he had told me some kind of truth.
Jack: I remember going out to where I'd parked it. It just wasn't there.
Jenny: When The Old Girl was stolen.
Jack: Three years ago, from Bath.
Jenny: I really knew how much it meant to Jack. How much of a part of his life it was.
Jack: It became very clear that it was really gone.
Jenny: For the first six months, he was unbearable.
Jack: Absolutely devastating!
Jenny: He put up flyers, posters, he went on local radio.
Jack: Two and a half years went by with me searching. Eventually, I found the Land Rover for sale on eBay. Painted a different colour, different number plates. But I knew it was mine.
I made a call to the police first. They were able to ascertain that it was my Land Rover. I also spoke to Aviva fairly quickly. I was conscious that they technically owned the vehicle.
Aviva gave it back to me for free. I didn't have to buy it back. They also paid for it to be recovered from Weymouth.
They returned it - with a red ribbon - on the back of a trailer. So it was a very exciting day.
Jenny: I think he knew if he kept searching he'd get it back. And he did - quite amazing.
Andrew Moss was a guest host on CNBC's Squawk Box programme on the morning. Watch extracts from Andrew's interview.
Rebecca Meehan: Today's Stock in 60 is Aviva. Pay very close attention to this because we will have the CEO of the business on a little bit later. You'll be tested on all of these numbers. Looking at the stock analysis to start with and the shares of Aviva yesterday getting a big bump up when we saw stocks around Europe getting a boost.
But some of the more specific figures relating to this company, the market cap almost at £8.5 billion, the dividend deals of nearly 8.5 %, price earnings ratio 6.349 to be specific.
Now let's take a check on what the analysts believe is the case for this stock. The vast majority of analysts that have recommendations out on the shares are in favour of it. Of the 31 analysts who rate the company, 20 of them have a buy or a strong buy, 11 have a hold, no sell ratings on this stock. The shares though have been suffering recently underperforming the FTSE 100 and the stocks and insurance sector.
Andrew Moss: I think it's been a fantastic you know three years when really you've been getting the company through the financial crisis. You're a bit volatile again at the moment, but during that point, you know, during that process company's much leaner, much more efficient, the profits are rising, costs are down from £6 billion to £4 billion.
You know we get through this next leg of crisis, which I'm very confident about, and I think you're going to see the brand working brilliantly in the UK and Trevor is going to make a fantastic difference to that as well. I'm really looking forward to him coming on board.
Geoff Cutmore: Let's go back to Andrew Moss then. Andrew's with us from Aviva. Andrew I was just having a look back at some of the newspaper headlines, you know, knowing that you were coming up and what this one in the Telegraph sort of stuck out for me, 2011 the year Aviva must deliver. Of course you announced a whole slew of targets at the close of last year, not least this reduction of hybrid debt. How's that all going? How are you doing on these targets?
Andrew Moss: Well we're hitting them all frankly, Geoff. I think you know even in what are clearly very difficult markets in the last three months, we're able to announce profits up at 5% in the first half. 21% up in Europe, which is quite interesting given what's going on in the eurozone.
So it just shows I think the strength of the business, the underlying business and you know the eurozone I think is obviously right in the spotlight at the moment but you can't get away from the fact that, ok it's 7% of the world's population but still 35% of world GDP.
So it's incredibly important to the world economy. People have money, they save money and they certainly need to save more because I don't think any of us thinks that governments are going to be able to fund people in retirement the way they have over the last few decades. That's pretty evident in today's world.
And so, you know, we have eight markets in Europe where we have large businesses, that's working very well for us at the moment. That isn't to say that, you know, clearly as we earlier talked about, the asset side of the balance sheet's under a bit of focus at the moment.
But you know we think we've managed down our exposures there and we're in good shape. So we're hitting our targets, we are I think realistic about the external environment at the moment but quietly confident frankly.
Important disclaimer
Although strenuous efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of interview transcripts, Executive Interviews and its associated companies accept no liability for what is said, for any discrepancy between the spoken and written word, or for any errors and omissions. Where doubt arises, please refer to the original broadcast video interview.
As a result of our You Are the Big Picture campaign, Aviva raised enough money to fund two new Mobile Learning Centres, run by Save the Children in Delhi India. The buses, which hit the road in April 2012, provide a bright, engaging learning environment for children. They will head out across Delhi to markets, railway stations and other places where street children often spend their time.
The two existing centres funded by last year’s campaign have already reached hundreds of children in Kolkata. These centres help Save the Children bring street children closer to education by providing a place where they can work directly with them, their employers, families and communities.
Manabendra Nath Ray, State Manager, Save the Children ,WBO
It’s a very proud moment for Save the Children to launch the mobile learning centre supported by Aviva and Street to School. We have worked with Aviva since 2009 and we are reaching out to underprivileged children who are on the street or on the pavement and try to ensure their right to education.
Despite that effort there is still a group of children who are being deprived of their basic right to education and this initiative is actually trying to make education available on their doorstep. There are children that are still not working; there are children that are not allowed to have access to any education services or facilities.
Two such vehicles will be moving through the city in different areas where there are a high number of children on the street and out of school.
This van will have the facilities, like you can see, of interesting materials that we will be using in this vehicle and it will be catering to the need of children 6-14 years of age. So, we have started with these and then we will assess the learning needs of the children and increase the stock of books which will be used by the children.
It will also have audio visual facilities which we can use for interesting games and different types of learning materials.
This van will also have two trained educators and a councillor and a community mobiliser who will actually be travelling in the bus to different locations. They will actually interact with the children, interact with the communities, with the employers and other stakeholders and to mobilise the process of the children who are out of school and cannot access school, they are participating and engaging with this type of process. Prepare them through these types of services and then integrate them with the mainstream schools.
We have a plan to reach out to 10,000 children over two years out of which we will be providing direct services to 3000 children, prepare them to school standard and then integrate them with government sponsored schemes and schools. That is the idea of the mobile learning centre.
This year Aviva has a plan to continue with the Big Picture campaign and part of the donations that will be received from the Big Picture campaign will ultimately be impacting this particular initiative and another programme called Street to School which we are implementing through Aviva support in India.
When Jack Dobson’s beloved old Land Rover was stolen, we were happy to pay up. But the story didn’t end there.
Two years later, Jack came across the vehicle on a website. The police recovered it, but without a legal owner, it was in danger of being written off. We received the Land Rover from the police, inspected it to make sure it was safe, and then sent it back to Jack, free of charge. “They returned it complete with a red ribbon. It was a very exciting day” said Jack.
Jack Dobson: I'm Jack Dobson, and I live in Bath.
Jenny: Hi, I'm Jenny, and I'm Jack's partner.
Jack: My story relates to a rather elderly Land Rover.
Jenny: Have a love-hate relationship!
Jack: She's affectionately called "The Old Girl".
Jenny: She's like the other woman.
Jack: She's a 1964 Series 2A.
Jenny: He told me he had a black convertible.
Jack: She's a short wheel base, soft top.
Jenny: He turned up with this really old.
Jack: Land Rover!
Jenny: Which was a convertible, so he had told me some kind of truth.
Jack: I remember going out to where I'd parked it. It just wasn't there.
Jenny: When The Old Girl was stolen.
Jack: Three years ago, from Bath.
Jenny: I really knew how much it meant to Jack. How much of a part of his life it was.
Jack: It became very clear that it was really gone.
Jenny: For the first six months, he was unbearable.
Jack: Absolutely devastating!
Jenny: He put up flyers, posters, he went on local radio.
Jack: Two and a half years went by with me searching. Eventually, I found the Land Rover for sale on eBay. Painted a different colour, different number plates. But I knew it was mine.
I made a call to the police first. They were able to ascertain that it was my Land Rover. I also spoke to Aviva fairly quickly. I was conscious that they technically owned the vehicle.
Aviva gave it back to me for free. I didn't have to buy it back. They also paid for it to be recovered from Weymouth.
They returned it - with a red ribbon - on the back of a trailer. So it was a very exciting day.
Jenny: I think he knew if he kept searching he'd get it back. And he did - quite amazing.
In early 2010, Hurricane Xynthia cut a swathe of destruction across western France. In its wake came Gaël Roux, an Aviva advisor. Amongst the dozens of people he helped that day was an oyster farmer, to whom he advanced €3,500 to make immediate repairs. “I made it clear I would always be there for them” said Gaël, speaking of the customers he helped that day.
Gael Roux: Hello, my name is Gael Roux, I’m an Aviva general insurer. The storm happened on a Saturday night.
The TV had given it as a red alert, so we were expecting something serious and we were a little apprehensive.
When I got up the next day, it was sunny and everything seemed fine. We all thought there hadn’t been much serious damage – perhaps just a few fallen branches and broken tiles.
It was afterwards, when I put the TV on, that I could see that there had actually been something like a tsunami over la Rochelle and the whole area.
Aviva contacted me immediately, giving me full powers to go and help them. So right away, I got on my bike and went to see what was going on - it was a disaster.
There were cars everywhere, fridges in the middle of the road, boats lodged in shop windows.
A big problem in la Rochelle, was that the oyster farmers had lost their whole infrastructure.
The oysters were kept in parks and the sea water had swept in and destroyed everything.
So they had to start again from scratch.
I love oysters, so obviously, I had to help.
I went out to see them and made it clear that we would always be there for them, that adjusters would soon arrive, and that we would give them an initial cheque to help them immediately.
We felt that the relationships between ourselves, as insurers, and our claimants, had really changed. They saw us not only as insurers, but also, and most importantly, as human beings who were there to help them.
It really is extremely satisfying for me to be able to help them today and in the months to come.
Dorothy returned home from a family party to find she had been robbed. Newly divorced and on her own for the first time in a long while, the break-in left her “scared to death”.
Dorothy was assigned Sherri Voutier of our London (Canada) office, as her adjuster. Sherri had herself been a victim of a home robbery and understood the shock, fear and other emotions created by an event such as this one.
For weeks after the robbery Dorothy was afraid to stay in her home because she no longer felt safe or protected. Sherri was always there to listen and even assisted by making arrangements for a contractor to not only fix the doors, but also change the locks. Dorothy always knew that she could count on Sherri to listen and provide her encouragement to move forward.
Dorothy Fraser: Hi, is that Sherri? Is it really? Oh my God!
Sherri Voutier: Oh, hi!
Dorothy: Hi, I'm Dorothy Fraser, from St Catharines Ontario.
In 2008, my home was robbed - oh, goodness.
Ok. In 2008, my home was robbed.
I had been recently divorced... and had never dealt with the insurance company... my husband always took care of it.
When I called, crying hysterically... I ended up getting Sherri on the phone.
Sherri: Hi, I'm Sherri from Aviva Canada, London, Ontario.
I received a call from Dorothy. Her home had been broken into... and she was visibly upset about what happened.
Dorothy: When I called, I was scared to call... not scared, but just - it's intimidating... to call an insurance company... and Sherri was everything but what I thought she would be.
Sherri: You know, so much is taken from you... when you're broken into, and myself being broken into... you know, I knew what that felt like.
Dorothy: Yeah.
Sherri: And I shared that with you: "I know what you're going through." And I'm not saying that because I'm paid to say that.
Dorothy: You know, you go in your bedroom... and they've ripped all your clothes out... and even gone in the freezer... and stole stuff out of the freezer... and my kids' bedrooms and that's a horrible feeling.
Sherri: Any time she kept on apologising and I said: "You know, my goal is to get you back in this house in 10 days." - Remember?
Dorothy: Yeah.
Sherri: Not sleeping on the couch, but in your bed.
You know, there's scripts that you read... they give you scripts that you're supposed to start with... or go by with claims.
I'm not really a script reader.
I don't want you to feel like we're the big bad insurance company.
Dorothy: Yeah, I did though. I did until I picked up the phone... not because of anything that... I'd never even talked to an insurance company before... so I didn't know what to expect... I just know that it was the perception people had.
When she answered the phone... it actually felt like she cared. She wanted to help you.
That was the difference with Sherri, telling her... whether I was babbling or not - she cared.
Sherri: And I hope I did that for you.
Dorothy: Oh my God, of course you did!
Sherri: That's our story!
Dorothy: That's our story! That's our story!
At Aviva Investors we are entrusted with £269 billion* of clients’ assets and understand that it is our duty to invest this money responsibly, in companies which strive for sustainability. We believe in doing our bit to shape the future our clients are saving for. We support organisations which not only drive shareholder value, but also provide help for those who need it most.
Oxfam approached us along with a number of other Investors to assist GlaxoSmithKline in finding a way to reduce the price of a life-prolonging HIV drug. Our commitment to the case contributed to its success and to the prolonging of 10,000 lives. We continue to work closely with the Access to Medicine Foundation and other such organisations to ensure that we are investing our clients’ money conscientiously.
*As at 30 June 2011.
Steve Waywood: Hi I’m Steve. I’m the head of sustainability research and engagement at Aviva Investors. My job is to make sure that the companies that we invest in are doing what they can to predict the future challenges of sustainable development.
What it means in practise is meeting non governmental organisations or charity’s like Oxfam to understand what concerns they have about the future and understand how those concerns are embedded in the portfolios that we run.
Our clients of course, care about making money, At Aviva Investors we’ve been looking at our clients concerns for many years and in the last three years in particular we’ve seen a significant growth in the number of pension schemes and other institutional investors, as well as individuals who are asking us what it is we’re doing about these issues in the way that we’re running their money.
Ten years ago, Oxfam bought to us and a number of other investors in the city a concern they had about the pharmaceutical industry. The people, who had the greatest need of the healthcare and the pharmaceutical drugs that organisations like GlaxoSmithKline produce, couldn’t get it. If you need anti retro viral medicine that cost of that drug is something like $10,000. How frustrating it must be to need that drug and not be able to access it.
We and others took that case to John Pierre Garnier, the then chief executive of GSK. A few weeks later, I’m very pleased to be able to say that Glaxo recognised the case and committed to providing access to the medication that they could offer at cost. So that 10,000 people then had access in the very first year afterwards, that was 2002.
Since then, GSK has continued to double and then double again and double again the amount of access that it provides, to such a point now that it is leading what’s called the Access to Medicines Index.
Wim Leereveld: My name is Wim Leereveld and I am chair of the Access to Medicine foundation and the Access to Medicines Index.
I had only 25 minutes to convince Steve and Steve recognised the value of the Access to Medicines Index, and it was a very important moment because together we cooperated with Aviva Investors to find out how to best fine tune the matter we asked of big pharma companies.
I was amazed by the quick analysis of such a big investor on what the problem was in the developing countries and how we could influence and can influence today, big pharma.
I’m convinced that a big amount of people stayed alive because of the cooperation of Aviva with the Access to Medicine Index.
Big CEO’s of big pharmaceutical companies today really care about this index and they really care about the opinion of investors, like Aviva.
Steve Waywood: so what you’ve achieved over the last four years if we think through another decade or two, perhaps we might be in a future where everyone who needs access to medicine has that access, so we’ve worked together to take the first step, on that journey.
Wim Leereveld: That’s right. That’s how I would look at it.
Deepak lives under the Nehru Place flyover with his father and step-mother. Deepak was lured into substance abuse by other children and started inhaling correction fluid. There was no time or money for school.
Now, Deepak’s life is changing with the help of Street to School, an Aviva initiative that helps street children into education. He attends a local centre in India funded by Aviva and run by Save the Children where he’s being prepared for full-time school.
Aviva’s Street to School programmes worldwide recognise that every child living and working on the street has the right to fulfil their potential. We aim to help 500,000 children by 2015. To date we’ve helped 128,000 children and Aviva employees have dedicated over 26,000 hours of volunteering to Street to School programmes.
Carolyn: Hi my name is Carolyn.
Suhita: My name is Suhita.
Carolyn: I work with Save the Children in Kolkata. We have been implementing a project called Street to School with support of Aviva. We have around 122 children.
Suhita: The difference is already noticeable, you know, their behaviour, their discipline, and their enthusiasm.
Now they are aware that if they are educated they can actually fulfil their dreams.
Deepak: I am Deepak I am nine years old, I want to be a policeman when I grow up. We play a lot here and we study here too.
Gopal: My name is Gopal. I want to become a policeman, when I grow up and help kids like myself.
Kali: I am Kali and I am 12 years old. I would like to teach children.
Chutka: My name is Chutka. I am five years old.
Ramzaan: My name is Ramzaan. I want to become a doctor so that i can treat and help others.
Suhita: To see one child grow and develop in front of your eyes, it’s something which is very precious.
Clive Bolton, at retirement director, Aviva Life UK, discusses Aviva’s the research findings from the Future Prosperity Panel.
To find out more about Aviva's Future Prosperity Panel visit http://www.aviva.com/fpp
Hello, I’m Clive Bolton and I’m the at retirement director at Aviva Life UK.
Well, as Andrew Moss said, we bought together the Future Prosperity Panel to tackle one of the really big global financial issues of today and therefore the panel consists of nine experts accomplished in their fields to kick-start the debate.
Well there are a couple of examples that really stood out for me; firstly was Carl Honore. He talked about how we could use gaming, particularly with younger generations of people in their 20’s, who use online games to learn and to stimulate engagement. He asked whether we could use that in the context of planning your future finances.
And another one is Alain de Botton, who talked about the slightly negative attitude that we have towards saving. It can sound very bloodless or misally and in actual fact saving is a precursor to giving and really we should attach it to the human spirit of generosity.
Have a plan. There are some people who do save well for their retirement and actually know what they want to do, but a lot of people put it to the back of their mind. For instance, they say they’re going to sell up and move to a cottage in Dorset without actually working out if cottages in Dorset are any cheaper than the house they are currently living in. Therefore even at the most basic level we urge people to look at what they’ve got, what pension arrangements they have and match them against their plans.
Health is a really important issue and in fact in some ways health is your biggest financial asset as you reach that later life stage. It’s all very well saying you’re going to work into your 60’s but the thing that will actually keep you doing the job that you may actually even enjoy will be the fact that your heath is sufficiently good to allow you to do that.
Well I think it’s important to separate what individual companies like Aviva are doing with the bigger debate that we need to have in society - this is not only in the insurance industry but with regulators, government and also with society as a whole. Therefore what we’re doing at Aviva through things like the Future Prosperity initiative is adding to that debate so we can move to some sort of consensus.
Well we’d really welcome people to join and share their views and so therefore if they want to do that and want to share or talk about what they think, they can go to our website on the subject at aviva.com/fpp and let us know.
Andrew Moss, Aviva's group chief executive talks about Aviva's half year results 2011.
Simon Meadows: Andrew, what are the highlights from today’s announcement?
Andrew Moss: Well, financially, I think strong operating profitability, return on capital of nearly 13% for the group, 5% increase in operating profits, or 13% actually if you strip out some one-offs last year. Dividend is up 5% and I think we are firing well in both the general insurance and the life businesses. So from a financial perspective I think we should be pleased with the last six months.
But over and above that I think you are seeing some real change now coming through at Aviva. Some of the changes we’ve made selling down Delta Lloyd, down below a 50% stake and selling the RAC, this is making a real difference to the business and a new Aviva is emerging, a more profitable Aviva, and that’s going to serve us well going forward.
Simon Meadows: You’ve set some near-term financial targets so how is Aviva performing against those?
Andrew Moss: Well I think we’re out-performing against them, I’m pleased to say. One of them was around the profitability of new life business, writing business at internal rates of return in excess of 12%. We hit 14% in the first half. The combined operating ratio target was 97, we’re in at 96 in the first half of the year, so that’s very pleasing. Operating capital generation, we set a target of £1.5 billion for the year and we’re at £0.8 billion at the half year, so that’s going well.
And then lastly, on the cost savings front we have set ourselves a further target of £400 million of cost and efficiency savings and we’re on track to deliver that by the end of 2012. So I think against those near-term targets I’m really pleased to say that we’re doing better than the targets that we’ve set.
Simon Meadows: Well tell us a bit more about performances of the businesses within the group. What’s been happening there?
Andrew Moss: Sure. Well let’s start with the life businesses. Profits are up strongly in our life businesses, I think consensus-beating numbers for sure. We’ve managed to grow the business here in the UK and in Europe. So 11% increase in profits in Europe, for example, in the face of what clearly have been difficult economic conditions. So overall, you know, the balance sheet continues to grow, that drives future earnings and we’ve been taking costs out of the business again so that’s what is driving our earnings up. On the general insurance side I’m probably more encouraged than I’ve been at any time in the last five years.
Again, we’ve been doing things, taking costs out of the business, but we’re growing the book, overall premiums are up something like 9% in the first half, and I think we’re growing it at the right time because the rating environment is improving. So just as an example, over the last 18 months nearly 700,000 new motor customers here in the UK. So that’s an example I think of the brand working, our underwriting working, and us really getting it right at the right time. So we’ve been helped a little bit by good weather in Europe, again relative to last year. So profits in Europe in general insurance are up 74% in the first half. Overall a 21% increase in operating profit in Europe which I think is an incredible performance given the economic headwinds we’ve been facing in the region.
Simon Meadows: Well that all sounds good, but what about the broader success of Aviva? What would you want to say about that?
Andrew Moss: Well I think you’re right. I mean we’ve been talking about the numbers but there are a host of other things which I think we should be pleased about. First of all on the customer side. I think the reputation of the company and the brand and the reach of the brand continues to improve. So, for example, in the first half we were really pleased to be voted the UK’s most reputable financial services company by the Reputation Institute. Now that’s for a brand that’s just two years old. So I’m really pleased with that and progress on that.
The people agenda as well has attracted some attention here at Aviva over the course of the last few months. First thing to say I think is delighted to announce there is a new chairman joining the company. That’s really important for the company and in John McFarlane I think we have an excellent choice to take over from Colin Sharman who I think has done a terrific job over the course of the last five or six years. In the UK we have Trevor Matthews joining us.
Very well known in the industry and I think it’s been great to persuade Trevor to come and spend the next few years working on what is undoubtedly going to be the leading insurance franchise in the UK. And some good internal people coming up through the company as well. David Barral, for example, leading the UK life business under Trevor. So very pleased with developments on the people side.
Simon Meadows: Lots happening there for Aviva. You announced a refreshed strategy in November 2010 so how is the delivery of that going?
Andrew Moss: Well let’s just remember what it was. It was about focus and it was about geographic focus in particular and driving forward the composite model and getting the benefits of that. As well, on strategy, you know, in terms of the portfolio, we’ve made some real changes in the last six months, looking at noncore activities.
So Delta Lloyd, I think it was clear to the market that this was a business we were going to continue to sell down. We’ve sold another 15% in April, that takes us below the 50% mark so that we de-consolidated, and with that a good deal of investment risk goes off our balance sheet, so our earnings become significantly less volatile as we go forward.
The RAC as well, a business that we bought in 2005 but in terms of reviewing strategy we decided that it didn’t fit well in terms of the Aviva stable of companies, if you like, and I think we’ve sold it very well. I think the team did a great job getting a price of 17 times earnings for that business. So a billion pounds of cash coming into the company. Very important for us as we go forward and we can redeploy all of that capital organically in our businesses, because those businesses are growing and there are opportunities to do that, but also it gives us some other choices as we go forward.
Simon Meadows: Of course Aviva has a clear focus on Europe but how concerned are you about the upheavals there?
Andrew Moss: Well look, we are watchful of course and I think we’ve been managing risk carefully in terms of some of the sovereign debt issues but let’s cut back to the chase. I mean profits are up 21% in our European business in the first half of this year. Life business is growing, the general insurance business has grown strongly as well and why is that?
There are 800 million people in Europe, there are 430 million in the countries we serve, so the customer base is there and it needs what we sell. The savings rate is 12%, it shows no signs of falling, indeed we believe that as governments are not able to provide for people in retirement in the way that they have over the last few decades the need for savings is only going to go up.
And these are the fundamental reasons why whatever happens in the short term, and nobody will deny that there are short term difficulties, Europe is coming through this and we will prosper because the needs of our customers are such that they will need our business. So I think the outlook in general is encouraging and Europe is going to come back into favour a little bit and it may take a little while, but meanwhile we are going to go on growing our earnings in those chosen markets.